44In particular, Member States may provide, in their law, for an exception or limitation referred to in Article 5(2) and (3) of Directive 2001/29 only if they comply with all the conditions laid down in that provision. The Member States are also required, in that context, to comply with the general principles of EU law, which include the principle of proportionality, from which it follows that measures which the Member States may adopt must be appropriate for attaining their objective and must not go beyond what is necessary to achieve it (judgments of 29 July 2019, Funke Medien NRW, C‑469/17, EU:C:2019:623, paragraphs 48 and 49, and of 29 July 2019, Spiegel Online, C‑516/17, EU:C:2019:625, paragraphs 33 and 34).