25In those circumstances, for the purposes of classifying a text as a ‘work’ within the meaning of Directive 2001/29, factors such as its length, the fact that it was posted online and the issue of whether it belongs to a predetermined literary genre are irrelevant, unless those factors are the result of rules, technical considerations or constraints which have left no room for creative freedom on the part of its author. In the latter case, that text cannot be regarded as having the originality necessary to constitute a work (see, to that effect, judgment of 12 September 2019, Cofemel, C‑683/17, EU:C:2019:721, paragraph 31).