BX v Statul Român – Ministerul Finanţelor Publice and Curtea de Apel Bucureşti (C-163/24)

Judgment of 8 Sept 2026

law://eu/cjeu/2024/c-163-24/para_49@2026-11-14

49Regarding the conditions for triggering that liability, the Court has repeatedly held that individuals who have been harmed have a right to redress where three cumulative conditions are met, namely the rule of EU law breached is intended to confer rights on them, the breach of that rule is sufficiently serious, and there is a direct causal link between that breach and the loss or damage sustained by those individuals (see, to that effect, judgments of 5 March 1996, Brasserie du pêcheur and Factortame, C‑46/93 and C‑48/93, EU:C:1996:79, paragraph 51; of 22 December 2022, Ministre de la Transition écologique and Premier ministre (Liability of the State for air pollution), C‑61/21, EU:C:2022:1015, paragraph 44; and of 18 December 2025, Hamoudi v Frontex, C‑136/24 P, EU:C:2025:977, paragraph 68).

Source: EUR-Lex, © European Union, 1998-2026. Reuse authorised under Decision 2011/833/EU.

Key facts

Court: Court of Justice · Grand Chamber
Case: C-163/24 · ECLI:EU:C:2026:722
Decided: 8 Sept 2026
Procedure: Preliminary reference · referred by the Curtea de Apel Bucureşti (Court of Appeal, Bucharest, Romania)
Applicant: BX
Defendants: Statul Român – Ministerul Finanţelor Publice; Curtea de Apel Bucureşti
Rapporteur: M. Gavalec
Advocate General: A. Rantos
Bench: 15 judges
K. Lenaerts, T. von Danwitz, F. Biltgen, K. Jürimäe, M.L. Arastey Sahún, J. Passer, F. Schalin, S. Rodin, E. Regan, D. Gratsias, M. Gavalec, Z. Csehi, S. Gervasoni, N. Fenger, R. Frendo
Language: Romanian
Official: CURIA · EUR-Lex 62024CJ0163

Topics

Agriculture Principles of Union law

History · 1 version

8 Sept 2026Reading

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Cites 3: Brasserie du Pêcheur SA v Bundesrepublik Deutschland and The Queen v Secretary of State for Transport, ex parte: Factortame Ltd and others (C-46/93, C-48/93); Alaa Hamoudi v European Border and Coast Guard Agency (C-136/24 P); JP v Ministre de la Transition écologique and Premier ministre (C-61/21)