W and X v Belgische Staat and État belge, représenté par la Secrétaire d’État à l’Asile et la Migration (C-636/23)

Judgment of 1 Aug 2025

law://eu/cjeu/2023/c-636-23/para_10@2026-11-14

10Article 13 of the same directive, headed ‘Remedies’, provides:1. The third-country national concerned shall be afforded an effective remedy to appeal against or seek review of decisions related to return, as referred to in Article 12(1), before a competent judicial or administrative authority or a competent body composed of members who are impartial and who enjoy safeguards of independence.2. The authority or body mentioned in paragraph 1 shall have the power to review decisions related to return, as referred to in Article 12(1), including the possibility of temporarily suspending their enforcement, unless a temporary suspension is already applicable under national legislation.3. The third-country national concerned shall have the possibility to obtain legal advice, representation and, where necessary, linguistic assistance.4. Member States shall ensure that the necessary legal assistance and/or representation is granted on request free of charge in accordance with relevant national legislation or rules regarding legal aid, and may provide that such free legal assistance and/or representation is subject to conditions as set out in Article 15(3) to (6) of [Council Directive 2005/85/EC of 1 December 2005 on minimum standards on procedures in Member States for granting and withdrawing refugee status (OJ 2005 L 326, p. 13)].’

W and X v Belgische Staat and État belge, représenté par la Secrétaire d’État à l’Asile et la Migration (C-636/23)

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