47In addition, while the first part of Article 6(1) of that directive provides that Member States are to lay down that unfair terms are not to be binding on the consumer, ‘as provided for under their national law’, the regulation by national law of the protection guaranteed to consumers by that directive may not alter the scope and, therefore, the substance of that protection (judgment of 12 December 2024, Kutxabank, C‑300/23, EU:C:2024:1026, paragraph 160 and the case-law cited).