European Commission v Republic of Poland (C-448/23)
law://eu/cjeu/2023/c-448-23/para_217@2026-11-14
Key facts
Court
Court of Justice · Grand Chamber
Case
C-448/23 · ECLI:EU:C:2025:975
Decided
18 Dec 2025
Procedure
Infringement action
Applicant
European Commission
Defendant
Republic of Poland
Rapporteur
T. von Danwitz
Advocate General
D. Spielmann
Bench
15 judgesK. Lenaerts, T. von Danwitz, F. Biltgen, I. Jarukaitis, M.L. Arastey Sahún, I. Ziemele, J. Passer, O. Spineanu-Matei, M. Condinanzi, F. Schalin, A. Kumin, N. Jääskinen, D. Gratsias, Z. Csehi, B. Smulders
217Third, the competences conferred on the European Union and the executive force of EU law may not vary from one Member State to another. Differences between the courts of the Member States in that regard would be liable to jeopardise the very unity of the EU legal order, compromise the attainment of the objectives of the Treaties and undermine the fundamental requirement of legal certainty and equality of Member States and their nationals before EU law (see, to that effect, judgments of 28 March 2017, Rosneft, C‑72/15, EU:C:2017:236, paragraph 80 and the case-law cited, and of 22 February 2022, RS (Effect of the decisions of a constitutional court), C‑430/21, EU:C:2022:99, paragraph 48 and the case-law cited).