European Commission v Republic of Poland (C-448/23)
law://eu/cjeu/2023/c-448-23/para_186@2026-11-15
Key facts
Court
Court of Justice · Grand Chamber
Case
C-448/23 · ECLI:EU:C:2025:975
Decided
18 Dec 2025
Procedure
Infringement action
Applicant
European Commission
Defendant
Republic of Poland
Rapporteur
T. von Danwitz
Advocate General
D. Spielmann
Bench
15 judgesK. Lenaerts, T. von Danwitz, F. Biltgen, I. Jarukaitis, M.L. Arastey Sahún, I. Ziemele, J. Passer, O. Spineanu-Matei, M. Condinanzi, F. Schalin, A. Kumin, N. Jääskinen, D. Gratsias, Z. Csehi, B. Smulders
186In those circumstances, it is for the Republic of Poland, in particular, by virtue of the principle of sincere cooperation set out in the first subparagraph of Article 4(3) TEU, to ensure, within its territory, the application of and respect for EU law and, under the second subparagraph of Article 4(3) TEU, to take any appropriate measure, whether general or particular, to ensure fulfilment of the obligations arising out of the Treaties or resulting from the acts of the institutions of the European Union. Provisions prevailing in its domestic legal system, even its constitutional system, cannot, in accordance with the settled case-law of the Court, justify a failure to observe those obligations (see, to that effect, judgment of 8 April 2014, Commission v Hungary, C‑288/12, EU:C:2014:237, paragraph 35 and the case-law cited).