42While it is for the referring court, which alone has jurisdiction to interpret and apply national law, to ascertain whether, having regard to all the circumstances of the main proceedings, the penalties at issue before it satisfy the requirements set out in the preceding paragraph, the Court, ruling on a reference for a preliminary ruling, may nevertheless provide clarification in order to guide it in its examination (see, to that effect, judgment of 5 March 2020, OPR-Finance, C‑679/18, EU:C:2020:167, paragraphs 27 and 28).