46As the Court has repeatedly held in the context of the CAP and the common commercial policy, the obligation to repay an advantage wrongly received by means of an irregular practice does not constitute a penalty for which a clear and unambiguous legal basis, distinct from Regulation No 2988/95, is necessary, but is merely the consequence of the finding that the conditions required to obtain the advantage derived from EU law were created artificially, with the result that that advantage becomes an advantage wrongly received and thus justifying the obligation to repay it (see, to that effect, judgments of 14 December 2000, Emsland-Stärke, C‑110/99, EU:C:2000:695, paragraph 56; of 4 June 2009, Pometon, C‑158/08, EU:C:2009:349, paragraph 28; of 13 December 2012, FranceAgriMer, C‑670/11, EU:C:2012:807, paragraph 65; of 17 September 2014, Cruz & Companhia, C‑341/13, EU:C:2014:2230, paragraph 45; and of 29 February 2024, Eesti Vabariik (Põllumajanduse Registrite ja Informatsiooni Amet), C‑437/22, EU:C:2024:176, paragraph 57).