44In view of the above, the fact that legislation refers to broad concepts which must be clarified gradually does not, in principle, preclude that legislation from being regarded as laying down clear and precise rules allowing individuals to predict which acts and omissions are liable to be subject to penalties of a criminal nature (see, to that effect, judgment of 5 May 2022, BV, C‑570/20, EU:C:2022:348, paragraph 42). In that regard, what matters is whether any ambiguity or vagueness in those concepts may be dispelled by using the ordinary methods of interpretation of the law. In addition, when those concepts correspond to those employed in relevant international agreements and practices, those agreements and practices may provide further guidance to the court responsible for that interpretation (see, to that effect, judgment of 25 November 2021, État luxembourgeois (Information on a group of taxpayers), C‑437/19, EU:C:2021:953, paragraphs 69 to 71).
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