Judgment_paragraph 25 · FS and WU v First Bank SA (C-593/22)

25Therefore, in order for a contractual term to ‘reflect’ a mandatory statutory or regulatory provision within the meaning of Article 1(2) of Directive 93/13, that term must reproduce the normative content of a mandatory provision applicable to the relevant contract so that it may be regarded as expressing in concrete terms the same legal rule as that envisaged by that mandatory provision. That is the case not only where the contractual term corresponds verbatim to the mandatory provision or contains an express reference to that mandatory provision, but also where that term, although expressed in different terms, is substantively equivalent to that mandatory provision.