67In that regard, it must be borne in mind that clause 5 of the Framework Agreement does not lay down any specific penalties where instances of misuse have been established. In that case, it is incumbent on the national authorities to adopt measures that are not only proportionate, but also are sufficiently effective and act as sufficient deterrent to ensure that the measures taken pursuant to the Framework Agreement are fully effective (judgment of 13 January 2022, MIUR and Ufficio Scolastico Regionale per la Campania, C‑282/19, EU:C:2022:3, paragraph 81 and the case-law cited).
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