32On the other hand, it must be noted that it cannot be inferred from those provisions, from recital 31 of Directive 2015/2302 or from any other provision of that directive that, in order to be able to establish the occurrence of ‘unavoidable and extraordinary circumstances’, within the meaning of that provision, it is necessary for the competent authorities to have issued an official recommendation advising travellers against travelling to the area concerned or an official decision classifying that area as a ‘risk area’.