158Thus, that principle is composed, on the one hand, of a negative test, according to which the objectives envisaged cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States, and, on the other hand, a positive test, according to which those objectives can, by reason of their scale or their effects, be better achieved at EU level. Those two components of the principle of subsidiarity ultimately address a single question, from two different angles, namely whether action should be taken at EU level or at national level in order to achieve those objectives (Opinion of Advocate General Kokott in Pillbox 38, C‑477/14, EU:C:2015:854, point 165).
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