77It follows from all the foregoing that, taken together, the consequence of all the factors, both systemic and circumstantial, referred to in paragraphs 47 to 57 above, on the one hand, and in paragraphs 62 to 76 above, on the other, which characterised the appointment, within the Chamber of Extraordinary Control and Public Affairs, of the three judges constituting the referring body in the present case, is that the Chamber does not have the status of an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law for the purposes of the second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU, read in the light of the second paragraph of Article 47 of the Charter. The combination of all those factors is such as to give rise to reasonable doubts in the minds of individuals as to the imperviousness of the persons concerned and the panel in which they sit with regard to external factors, in particular the direct or indirect influence of the national legislature and executive and their neutrality with respect to the interests before them. Those factors are thus capable of leading to a lack of appearance of independence or impartiality on the part of those judges and that body likely to undermine the trust which justice in a democratic society governed by the rule of law must inspire in those individuals.
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