59As regards, in particular, the non-material damage, the Court also held that Article 82(1) of the GDPR precludes a national rule or practice which makes compensation for non-material damage, within the meaning of that provision, subject to the condition that the damage suffered by the data subject, as defined in Article 4, point 1, of that regulation, has reached a certain degree of seriousness (see, to that effect, judgments of 4 May 2023, Österreichische Post (Non-material damage in connection with the processing of personal data), C‑300/21, EU:C:2023:370, paragraph 51; of 14 December 2023, Natsionalna agentsia za prihodite, C‑340/21, EU:C:2023:986, paragraph 78; and of 14 December 2023, Gemeinde Ummendorf, C‑456/22, EU:C:2023:988, paragraph 16).
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