Judgment_paragraph 55 · K and L v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid (C-646/21)

55In that regard, Article 60(1) of the Istanbul Convention provides that gender-based violence against women – which is to be understood as a violation of human rights and a form of discrimination against women under Article 3 of that convention – is to be recognised as a form of persecution within the meaning of Article 1(A)(2) of the Geneva Convention. Furthermore, Article 60(2) requires parties to ensure that a gender-sensitive interpretation is given to each of the reasons for persecution prescribed by the Geneva Convention, including therefore to the reason for persecution based on membership of a particular social group.