40As regards, in particular, the reason relating to ‘membership of a particular social group’, it is apparent from the first subparagraph of Article 10(1)(d) that a group is to be considered a ‘particular social group’ where two cumulative conditions are satisfied. First, the persons who may belong to it must share at least one of three identifying features, namely an ‘innate characteristic’, a ‘common background that cannot be changed’ or a ‘characteristic or belief that is so fundamental to identity or conscience that a person should not be forced to renounce it’. Second, that group must have a ‘distinct identity’ in the country of origin ‘because it is perceived as being different by the surrounding society’ (judgment of 16 January 2024, Intervyuirasht organ na DAB pri MS (Women victims of domestic violence), C‑621/21, EU:C:2024:47, paragraph 40).
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