54Although the ‘external’ aspect of independence is intended essentially to preserve the independence of the courts from the legislature and the executive in accordance with the principle of the separation of powers which characterises the operation of the rule of law, that aspect must also be understood as aiming to safeguard judges against undue influence from within the court concerned (see, to that effect, ECtHR, 22 December 2009, Parlov-Tkalčić v. Croatia, CE:ECHR:2009:1222JUD002481006, § 86).
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