37In the first place, it should be noted that it follows from Article 1(2)(a) of Directive 93/42 that a substance may be classified as a ‘medical device’ only where the principal intended action in or on the human body is not achieved by pharmacological, immunological or metabolic means (see, to that effect, judgment of 3 October 2013, Laboratoires Lyocentre, C‑109/12, EU:C:2013:626, paragraph 44).
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