58Such an exhaustive list does not preclude the option for Member States to maintain or adopt substantive rules designed, in particular, to ensure, as regards public contracts, observance of the principle of equal treatment and of the principle of transparency entailed by the latter, principles which are binding on contracting entities in any procedure for the award of a public contract and which constitute the basis of the EU directives on procedures for the award of public contracts, provided that the principle of proportionality is observed (see, by analogy, judgments of 19 May 2009, Assitur, C‑538/07, EU:C:2009:317, paragraph 21, and of 8 February 2018, Lloyd’s of London, C‑144/17, EU:C:2018:78, paragraph 30).
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