Judgment_paragraph 36 · Sambre & Biesme SCRL and Commune de Farciennes v Société wallonne du logement (SWL) (C-383/21)

36In accordance with the third paragraph of Article 288 TFEU, the binding nature of a directive, which constitutes the basis for the possibility of relying on it, exists only in relation to ‘each Member State to which it is addressed’. It follows, according to settled case-law, that a directive cannot of itself impose obligations on an individual and cannot therefore be relied on as such against such a person before a national court (judgment of 12 December 2013, Portgás, C‑425/12, EU:C:2013:829, paragraph 22 and the case-law cited).