72That autonomy means that, during the negotiation stage of an agreement by the social partners, which exclusively involves the latter, they may engage in dialogue and act freely without receiving any order or instruction from whomsoever and, in particular, not from the Member States or the EU institutions (judgment of 2 September 2021, EPSU v Commission, C‑928/19 P, EU:C:2021:656, paragraph 61).
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