36As the Court has held, Article 2(2)(a) of the GDPR is to be read in conjunction with Article 2(2)(b) thereof and recital 16, which states that that regulation does not apply to the processing of personal data in the context of ‘activities which fall outside the scope of Union law, such as activities concerning national security’ and ‘activities in relation to the common foreign and security policy of the Union’ (see, to that effect, judgment of 22 June 2021, Latvijas Republikas Saeima (Penalty points), C‑439/19, EU:C:2021:504, paragraph 63).
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