61To guarantee that such a court or tribunal is in a position to ensure the effective judicial protection thus required under the second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU, maintaining its independence and impartiality is essential, as is confirmed by the second paragraph of Article 47 of the Charter, which refers to access to an ‘independent’ tribunal as one of the requirements linked to the fundamental right to an effective remedy (judgment of 29 March 2022, Getin Noble Bank, C‑132/20, EU:C:2022:235, paragraph 93 and the case-law cited).
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