70Finally, it should be pointed out that, where a directive has been properly transposed, its effects reach individuals through the implementing measures adopted by the Member States concerned (see, to that effect, judgment of 15 May 1986, Johnston, 222/84, EU:C:1986:206, paragraph 51), unlike a regulation, the provisions of which generally have immediate effect in the national legal systems without it being necessary for the national authorities to adopt measures of application (see, to that effect, judgment of 7 April 2022, IFAP, C‑447/20 and C‑448/20, EU:C:2022:265, paragraph 88 and the case-law cited). It follows that, where the national legislature provides for the processing of biometric and genetic data by competent authorities, within the meaning of Article 3(7) of Directive 2016/680, which are capable of falling either within the scope of that directive or within the scope of the GDPR, it is open to it, for reasons of clarity and precision, to refer explicitly, on the one hand, to the provisions of national law transposing Article 10 of that directive and, on the other, to Article 9 of that regulation. However, that requirement of clarity and precision cannot demand, furthermore, that that directive be mentioned.
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