Judgment_paragraph 68 · G. and Others v M.S. and X (C-181/21)

68In that regard, it is true that every court is obliged to verify whether, in its composition, it constitutes an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law, within the meaning, in particular, of the second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU, where a serious doubt arises on that point, that verification being necessary for the confidence which the courts in a democratic society must inspire in those subject to their jurisdiction (judgments of 26 March 2020, Review Simpson v Council and HG v Commission, C‑542/18 RX-II and C‑543/18 RX-II, EU:C:2020:232, paragraph 57, and of 5 June 2023, Commission v Poland (Independence and private life of judges), C‑204/21, EU:C:2023:442, paragraph 129 and the case-law cited).