34In particular, it does not appear that the first subparagraph of Article 5(1) of Directive 2014/104 imposes new substantive obligations on any of the parties to the dispute concerned, which would allow this provision to be considered substantive within the meaning of Article 22(1) of that directive (see, by analogy, judgment of 22 June 2022, Volvo and DAF Trucks, C‑267/20, EU:C:2022:494, paragraph 83).
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