53Second, it is for the national authorities, in each individual case, to demonstrate that the national legislation at issue satisfies the principle of proportionality, that is to say, that it is necessary to achieve the declared objective and that it could not be achieved by prohibitions or restrictions that are less extensive or have less effect on trade within the European Union. To that end, it is for those authorities to provide the necessary evidence to that effect. The reasons which may be invoked by a Member State by way of justification must thus be accompanied by an analysis of the appropriateness and proportionality of the restrictive measure adopted by that State, and by specific evidence substantiating its arguments (judgment of 23 December 2015, Scotch Whisky Association and Others, C‑333/14, EU:C:2015:845, paragraphs 53 and 54).
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