49In the second place, the referring court is unsure about the third requirement referred to in paragraph 36 above, resulting from both Article 52(1) of the Charter and the principle of proportionality of penalties enshrined in Article 49(3) thereof, which requires the competent authorities, in the event of the imposition of a second penalty, to ensure that the severity of all of the penalties imposed does not exceed the seriousness of the offence identified (see, to that effect, judgment of 20 March 2018, Garlsson Real Estate and Others, C‑537/16, EU:C:2018:193, paragraph 56).
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