1This request for a preliminary ruling concerns the interpretation of Article 288 TFEU and Articles 3, 27 and 31 of Directive 2012/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 establishing a single European railway area (OJ 2012 L 343, p. 32), as amended by Directive (EU) 2016/2370 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 (OJ 2016 L 352, p. 1) (‘Directive 2012/34’), and of Annexes I, II and IV thereto.
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