32In that regard, it should be borne in mind that, in the exercise of that power, Member States must observe the general principles of law that form part of the EU legal order, which include, in particular, the principles of legal certainty and of proportionality (judgment of 21 December 2011, Vlaamse Oliemaatschappij, C‑499/10, EU:C:2011:871, paragraph 20 and the case-law cited).
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