Judgment_paragraph 25 · FN v Universiteit Antwerpen and Others (C-265/20)

25Those cumulative requirements concerning the content of a request for a preliminary ruling are expressly set out in Article 94 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice, which the referring court is presumed – in view of the cooperation established by Article 267 TFEU – to be familiar with and which it is required to follow to the letter. Those requirements are recalled, inter alia, in the recommendations of the Court of Justice of the European Union to national courts and tribunals in relation to the initiation of preliminary ruling proceedings (OJ 2019 C 380, p. 1), point 15 of which reproduces, in each of its three indents, the requirements set out in Article 94(a) to (c), respectively, of the Rules of Procedure. Furthermore, according to point 16 of those recommendations, ‘the referring court or tribunal must provide the precise references for the national provisions applicable to the facts of the dispute in the main proceedings and for the provisions of EU law whose interpretation is sought or whose validity is challenged’ (see, to that effect, order of 21 February 2022, Leonardo, C‑550/21, not published, EU:C:2022:139, paragraph 13 and the case-law cited).