51That said, it must be pointed out that the obligation mentioned in paragraph 48 of this judgment must be implemented in such a way as to achieve the objectives of protection laid down by the directive itself. Specifically, the Member States are required to ensure compliance with the principles of the health and safety protection of workers when determining the necessary level of health and safety protection for night workers. They must therefore ensure that night workers enjoy other protective measures in the form of working time, pay, allowances or similar benefits, such as to compensate for the particular burden entailed by that type of work, as emphasised in particular by Directive 2003/88, and, accordingly, to recognise the nature of night work.
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