94Consequently, the answer to the fourth question is that Article 5(1) and (2) of Regulation No 715/2007, read in conjunction with Article 3(10) of that regulation, must be interpreted as meaning that the fact that a defeat device, within the meaning of that provision, was installed after a vehicle was put into service, in the course of a repair, within the meaning of Article 3(2) of Directive 1999/44, is irrelevant for the purposes of assessing whether the use of that device is prohibited under Article 5(2) of that directive.
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