48However, the facts of those cases predated the entry into force of the Charter and Article 41(2)(a) thereof, which requires observance of the right of every person to be heard, before any individual measure which would affect him or her adversely is taken. Thus, as already stated in paragraph 44 above, that right is to be observed irrespective of the nature of the administrative procedure leading to the adoption of an individual measure, even where the applicable rules do not provide for it (see, to that effect, the judgment of 3 July 2019, PT v EIB, T‑573/16, EU:T:2019:481, paragraph 265 (not published)).