23As a preliminary point, it should be noted that Directive 2009/103, as is apparent from recital 1 of that directive, codified the earlier directives on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to insurance against civil liability in respect of the use of motor vehicles and the enforcement of the obligation to insure against such liability, without amending their substance. Accordingly, the case-law relating to those earlier directives can be applied to the interpretation of the equivalent provisions of Directive 2009/103 (judgment of 29 April 2021, Ubezpieczeniowy Fundusz Gwarancyjny, C‑383/19, EU:C:2021:337, paragraph 35).
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