41In those circumstances, the Sąd Rejonowy w Opatowie I Wydział Cywilny (District Court, Opatów, 1st Civil Division) decided to stay the proceedings and to refer the following question to the Court for a preliminary ruling:‘Must the provisions of [Directive 93/93], in particular Article 3(1) of that directive, and the principles of EU law concerning consumer protection and the balance between contracting parties be interpreted as precluding the introduction into national law of the concept of “maximum non-interest credit costs” and the mathematical formula for calculating those costs set out in Article 5(1)(6)(a), in conjunction with Article 36a, of [the Law on Consumer Credit], which allow the costs of the business activity of a seller or supplier to be included in the costs related to a credit agreement that are to be borne by the consumer (the total costs of the credit)?’
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