33In so far as it allows a derogation from the principle of non-discrimination, Article 4(1) of that directive, read in the light of recital 23 thereto, which refers to ‘very limited circumstances’ in which such a difference of treatment may be justified, must be interpreted strictly (see, to that effect, judgment of 13 September 2011, Prigge and Others, C‑447/09, EU:C:2011:573, paragraph 72 and the case-law cited).
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