49Next, Article 28 of the VAT Directive, which provides that where a taxable person acting in his or her own name but on behalf of another person takes part in a supply of services, he or she is to be deemed to have received and supplied those services himself or herself, creates the legal fiction of two identical supplies of services provided consecutively. Under that fiction, the operator, who takes part in the supply of services and who constitutes the commission agent, is considered to have, first, received the services in question from the operator on behalf of whom he or she acts, who constitutes the principal, before, second, himself or herself providing those services to the client (judgment of 4 May 2017, Commission v Luxembourg, C‑274/15, EU:C:2017:333, paragraphs 85 and 86 and the case-law cited).
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