35In that regard, it must be observed that, in accordance with the Court’s settled case-law, a directive cannot, of itself, impose obligations on an individual, since a provision of a directive may not be relied upon as such by a Member State against such an individual (see, to that effect, judgments of 26 February 1986, Marshall, 152/84, EU:C:1986:84, paragraph 48, and of 12 December 2013, Portgás, C‑425/12, EU:C:2013:829, paragraph 22).
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