38In accordance with the settled case-law, the concept of a ‘jurisdiction clause’ must be interpreted as an independent concept of EU law and as giving full effect to the principle of freedom of choice on which Article 25(1) of Regulation No 1215/2012 is based (see, to that effect, judgments of 10 March 1992, Powell Duffryn, C‑214/89, EU:C:1992:115, paragraph 14; of 9 December 2003, Gasser, C‑116/02, EU:C:2003:657, paragraph 51 and the case-law cited; and of 7 February 2013, Refcomp, C‑543/10, EU:C:2013:62, paragraphs 22 and 40 and the case-law cited).
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