31In the second place, in order to be classified as a ‘communication to the public’ within the meaning of that provision, the protected work must in fact be communicated to a public, that communication being directed at an indeterminate number of potential recipients (judgment of 19 December 2019, Nederlands Uitgeversverbond and Groep Algemene Uitgevers, C‑263/18, EU:C:2019:1111, paragraph 66 and the case-law cited) and involving a fairly large number of people (judgment of 29 November 2017, VCAST, C‑265/16, EU:C:2017:913, paragraph 45 and the case-law cited).
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