43In addition, if the workplace includes or is indistinguishable from the worker’s residence, the mere fact that, during a given period of stand-by time, the latter is required to remain at his or her workplace in order to be able, if necessary, to be available for his or her employer, does not suffice for that period to be classified as ‘working time’ within the meaning of Directive 2003/88. In that case, the requirement that the worker does not leave his or her workplace does not necessarily mean that he or she must remain apart from his or her family and social environment. Furthermore, such a requirement is, in itself, less likely to interfere with the possibility, during that period, of that worker freely managing the time during which his or her professional services are not required (see, in that regard, judgment of 9 September 2003, Jaeger, C‑151/02, EU:C:2003:437, paragraph 65).
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