35The Court has held that, during such a period of stand-by time, the worker, who is required to remain at his or her workplace and to be available to his or her employer, must remain apart from his or her family and social environment and has little freedom to manage the time during which his or her professional services are not required. Therefore, the whole of that period must be classified as ‘working time’, within the meaning of Directive 2003/88, irrespective of the professional activity actually carried out by the worker during that period (see, to that effect, judgments of 9 September 2003, Jaeger, C‑151/02, EU:C:2003:437, paragraph 65; of 5 October 2004, Pfeiffer and Others, C‑397/01 to C‑403/01, EU:C:2004:584, paragraph 93; and of 1 December 2005, Dellas and Others, C‑14/04, EU:C:2005:728, paragraphs 46 and 58).
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