33Thus, first, the Court has held, regarding periods of stand-by time undertaken at places of work which were separate from the workers’ residence, that the decisive factor for finding that the elements that characterise the concept of ‘working time’ for the purposes of Directive 2003/88 are present is the fact that the worker is required to be physically present at the place determined by the employer and to remain available to the employer in order to be able, if necessary, to provide his or her services immediately (see, to that effect, judgments of 3 October 2000, Simap, C‑303/98, EU:C:2000:528, paragraph 48; of 9 September 2003, Jaeger, C‑151/02, EU:C:2003:437, paragraph 63; and of 1 December 2005, Dellas and Others, C‑14/04, EU:C:2005:728, paragraph 48).
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