Judgment_paragraph 53 · K.S. and M.H.K. v The International Protection Appeals Tribunal and Others and R.A.T. and D.S. v Minister for Justice and Equality (C-322/19, C-385/19)

53Although questions referred for a preliminary ruling which relate to EU law enjoy a presumption of relevance, the justification for a reference for a preliminary ruling is not that it enables advisory opinions on general or hypothetical questions to be delivered but rather that it is necessary for the effective resolution of a dispute (judgments of 10 December 2018, Wightman and Others, C‑621/18, EU:C:2018:999, paragraph 28, and of 26 March 2020, Miasto Łowicz and Prokurator Generalny, C‑558/18 and C‑563/18, EU:C:2020:234, paragraph 44).