48That being so, it is compatible with EU law to lay down reasonable time limits for the imposition of penalties by national competition authorities in the interests of legal certainty, which protects both the undertakings concerned and those authorities. Such time limits are not liable to make it in practice impossible or excessively difficult to apply EU law (see, by analogy, judgment of 17 November 2016, Stadt Wiener Neustadt, C‑348/15, EU:C:2016:882, paragraph 41).
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