30It should be noted, as a preliminary point, that although certain acts of secondary EU law, such as framework decisions, and in certain circumstances directives, do not entail direct effect, their binding character nevertheless places on national courts an obligation to interpret national law in conformity with EU law (see, to that effect, judgments of 13 November 1990, Marleasing, C‑106/89, EU:C:1990:395, paragraphs 6 and 8, and of 8 November 2016, Ognyanov, C‑554/14, EU:C:2016:835, paragraph 58).
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