35The Court has also ruled that Article 6(1) of Directive 93/13 precludes gaps in a contract caused by the removal of the unfair terms contained in that contract from being filled solely on the basis of national provisions of a general nature which have not been subject to a specific assessment by the legislature with a view to establishing a balance between all the rights and obligations of the parties to a contract and as a result are not covered by the presumption that they are not unfair, which provide that the effects expressed in a legal transaction are to be supplemented, inter alia, by the effects arising from the principle of equity or from established customs, which are neither supplementary provisions nor provisions applicable where the parties to the contract so agree (judgment of 3 October 2019, Dziubak, C‑260/18, EU:C:2019:819, paragraphs 61 and 62).
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